Overview
Finding out you could have a hernia might be overwhelming, but it’s important to realise that it can happen to anyone. Some symptoms of hernias include a noticeable bulge, discomfort, or severe pain. They can be caused by reasons such as heavy lifting or chronic coughing.
The severity of your hernia will determine what treatment you need. But don’t worry—we’ll guide you through the different hernia types, common symptoms and causes, and the best treatments for hernias.
What is a Hernia?
Though hernias can happen anywhere in the body, they typically occur between the ribcage and groin.
They develop when an internal part of your body pushes through a weakness in a muscle or surrounding tissue wall. This sometimes results in a visible lump or bulge appearing, sometimes accompanied by pain, especially when you’re straining or lifting something heavy.
What are the Types of Hernias?
There are several types of hernias, including inguinal, femoral, umbilical, hiatus, and incisional hernias. However, roughly three out of every four hernias are found in the groin and are diagnosed as either inguinal or femoral hernias.
Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue pushes through a weak spot in the groin muscle. This type of hernia typically appears in men and presents itself as a bulge in the groin or scrotum, which may become more noticeable when coughing or standing.
Femoral Hernia
A femoral hernia appears when tissue protrudes through the femoral canal, which is located near the thigh. This type is more prevalent in women, particularly older adults, and usually causes a lump near the upper thigh.
Umbilical Hernia
An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall near the belly button. It is more common in infants but can also affect adults and typically creates a noticeable bulge at the navel.
Hiatus Hernia
A hiatus hernia (or hiatal hernia) occurs when part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm. This type of hernia can lead to gastroesophageal reflux, causing discomfort and other digestive issues and is often discovered during investigations for heartburn or chest pain.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia develops at the site of a previous surgical incision. Tissue pushes through the weakened area of the abdominal wall, forming a bulge. Incisional hernias can occur after any abdominal surgery, particularly if the wound doesn’t heal properly.
Common Symptoms of a Hernia
Though there are some common symptoms that occur with all hernia types, for instance, pain, there are symptoms that are unique to each type of hernia. The following is a list of symptoms from severe to most common.
Inguinal Hernia
- Severe pain or discomfort in the groin, especially when bending, coughing, or lifting
- A noticeable bulge or lump in the groin or scrotum
- A heavy or dragging sensation in the groin
Femoral Hernia
- Intense pain in the upper thigh or groin
- A small lump near the upper thigh, just below the groin
- Discomfort that worsens with standing or physical activity
Umbilical Hernia
- Pain around the belly button, especially when coughing or straining
- A bulge or swelling near the navel
- A feeling of pressure or aching at the site of the hernia
Hiatus Hernia
- Severe heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Difficulty swallowing or a feeling of food being stuck in the throat
Incisional Hernia
- Sharp pain at the site of a previous surgical incision
- A noticeable bulge near the old surgical scar
- Tenderness or discomfort around the affected area
Understanding these symptoms can help you identify if you have a hernia and which type it might be.
What Causes a Hernia?
There are many reasons why a hernia manifests with common causes across all hernia types and ones more specific to the five types of hernias.
Common Causes of All Hernias Types
- Heavy lifting or strenuous activity
- Chronic coughing or sneezing
- Obesity or excessive weight gain
- Straining during bowel movements or urination
Causes of Specific Types of Hernias
Inguinal Hernia
- Genetic predisposition to weak abdominal muscles
- Increased pressure in the abdomen from lifting heavy objects
- History of inguinal hernias in the family
Femoral Hernia
- Pregnancy, which increases pressure in the abdomen
- Straining during childbirth
- Chronic constipation or urinary retention
Umbilical Hernia
- Incomplete closure of an infant’s abdominal wall after birth
- Increased abdominal pressure from obesity or pregnancy
- Heavy lifting or repetitive straining
Hiatus Hernia
- Age-related changes in the diaphragm
- Persistent and intense coughing
- Obesity, which increases abdominal pressure
Incisional Hernia
- Poor healing of a surgical wound
- Infection at the site of the surgical incision
- Physical stress or strain soon after surgery
Diagnosing Hernias
Diagnosing a hernia typically involves several steps to get an accurate and complete diagnosis.
First, your doctor will take your medical history, asking about any previous surgeries or known conditions, your symptoms, how long they’ve been happening, and any activities that worsen them.
You might then need a physical examination to help your doctor determine the position of the hernia. They will typically palpate (feel with light presses) the area where you suspect a hernia. You may also be asked to stand, cough, or strain during the examination to make the hernia more visible.
Then, depending on your exam and medical history, your doctor might request an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to get a clear image of the hernia.
Fortunately, blood tests are generally not required for hernia diagnosis but may be done to check for any underlying conditions or complications.
Relieving Pain From a Hernia
Now, you might be wondering if there is anything you can do to help with hernia pain. Luckily, there are several ways you can manage your pain at home.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water to prevent constipation, which will help reduce straining during bowel movements, which can aggravate hernia pain.
- Over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication: Pain medications such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help manage mild to moderate pain. But it’s absolutely essential that you follow the dosage instructions and consult with a doctor if the pain is no longer manageable.
- Rest: Make sure to rest whenever you can to avoid further strain against the hernia area. Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activities, and anything that increases abdominal pressure.
- Ice packs: Apply ice packs to the hernia site for 15-20 minutes several times a day to help reduce swelling and numb the pain. Wrap the ice pack in a cloth first to prevent direct contact with the skin (ice burn).
- Support: Wearing a hernia belt or support garment can provide some relief and reduce discomfort, especially if you’re experiencing an uncomfortable ‘weighty’ feeling. You can usually find these supports over-the-counter, but check with your doctor or consultant for proper fitting and use.
- Diet: Eating a high-fibre diet, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can prevent constipation and reduce straining during bowel movements.
These methods can help alleviate hernia pain, but make sure to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. And, if the pain persists or gets worse, seek medical attention immediately.
How Do You Treat a Hernia?
Depending on their type, severity, and the patient’s overall health, hernias can be treated through various medical interventions.
Watchful Waiting
Doctors may recommend a “watchful waiting” approach for small, asymptomatic hernias. This involves regularly monitoring the hernia to ensure it doesn’t get worse. Patients are also advised to make lifestyle changes to manage symptoms.
Medication
For hiatus hernias (when the hernia is pushing up through the diaphragm), medications that reduce stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors or antacids, can help manage symptoms like heartburn and acid reflux. Although these medications can’t cure the hernia, they can significantly reduce discomfort.
Open Surgery
In open surgery, a single large incision is made over the hernia site. The protruding tissue is pushed back into place, and the weakened muscle wall is reinforced with stitches and, in many cases, a synthetic hernia mesh to support the muscle wall.
Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique involving several small incisions. A laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and surgical instruments are inserted through these incisions. The surgeon repairs the hernia from within, often using a hernia mesh for reinforcement. This method is usually the preferred surgery type because of quicker recovery times and less post-op pain.
Lifestyle Changes
As mentioned briefly above, lifestyle changes can go a long way in helping to manage hernia symptoms and prevent recurrence. These include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, and eating a high-fibre diet.
Physical Therapy
If your hernia requires surgery, physical therapy afterwards may be recommended to strengthen the abdominal muscles and improve overall core stability, reducing the risk of hernia recurrence.
When To Get Help For Hernia Pain
If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention.
- Severe or worsening pain
- The hernia becomes red, swollen, or tender
- An inability to push the hernia back in
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Difficulty passing gas
- Difficulty having a bowel movement
Why Go Private with Mid Ulster Clinic For Your Hernia Treatment?
When dealing with your hernia and its pain, getting it treated sooner than later means you don’t have to suffer any longer than you have to.
Choosing Mid Ulster Clinic for your hernia diagnosis and treatment plan means you’re getting access to:
- Expert Medical Team: Our specialists are renowned for their expertise in diagnosing and treating hernias, ensuring you receive the highest quality care.
- State-of-the-Art Facilities: We utilise the latest medical technology and minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat you with as little fuss as possible.
- Personalised Care: Our treatment plans are tailored to you, making sure you are heard and looked after throughout.
- Prompt and Convenient Service: Enjoy shorter waiting times and flexible appointment scheduling, getting you cared for without disrupting your busy week.
- Comprehensive Support: Our dedicated team is with you every step of the way, from initial diagnosis to post-op care.
Call us at 028 796 68380 or select the Book An Appointment today.
- Medically Reviewed